Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914
Description
Male palp with retinaculum, longer than wide, basal and distal branches strongly elongated. Embolus with concave base. Epigyne with triangular, posterior median plate. Prosoma light brown, darkly spotted. Femur yellowish-brown. Opisthosoma brown-violet.
Body length male: 2.6-3.1 mmBody length female: 2.8-4.4 mm
Additional information
Since a few decades, this species shows some spreading tendencies within Europe. Nevertheless, it shall not be listed as alien or invasive because it is native for Europe.
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans 1997)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 1993)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1998)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
Pedipalp
(Bosmans 1997)
Pedipalp
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Pedipalp
(Pesarini 1993)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kuralt & Kostanjšek 2019)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kuralt & Kostanjšek 2019)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Verhoogt & IJland 2021)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Verhoogt & IJland 2021)
Tip of embolus
(Bosmans 1997)
Epigyne
(Bosmans 1997)
Epigyne
(Denis 1937a)
Epigyne
(Denis 1937a)
Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Epigyne
(Pesarini 1993)
Epigyne
(Pesarini 1993)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
Epigyne
(Iorio 2017)
Epigyne
(Verhoogt & IJland 2021)
Vulva
(Bosmans 1997)
Vulva
(Thaler & Noflatscher 1990)
Vulva
(Kuralt & Kostanjšek 2016)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Bosmans R (1997) Revision of the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1833, part II. Western and Central Europe, including Italy (Araneae: Zodariidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 10: 265-294 
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Coşar İ, Danışman T, Elverici M (2022c) First description of the females of two species of Zodarion (Araneae: Zodariidae). Zootaxa 5178: 92-100
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2024a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2024 [last updated 01 January 2024], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Deltshev C, Naumova M, Matevski D, Indzhov S (2022) New taxonomic and faunistic data on the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae: Zodariidae) in the Balkans, with the descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 5174: 247-261
Denis J (1937a) Contribution à l'étude des araignées du genre Zodarion Walckenaer. Festschrift Embrik Strand 3: 1-50
Heimer S, Nentwig W (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Berlin
Iorio E (2017) Inventaire des araignées et opilions de la Réserve Naturelle Régionale de la Pointe Saint-Gildas à Préfailles (Loire-Atlantique) (Arachnida). Invertébrés Armoricains 17: 45-61
Kuralt Ž, Kostanjšek R (2016) A contribution to the Slovenian spider fauna – III. Natura Sloveniae 18: 69-75
Kuralt Ž, Kostanjšek R (2019) A contribution to the Slovenian spider fauna – IV. Natura Sloveniae 21: 21-45
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Pesarini C (1993) Note su alcuni Zodarion Walckenaer della fauna italiana con descrizione di una nuova specie (Araneae, Zodariidae). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 133: 5-12
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Ponomarev A V (2022) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the southeast of the Russian Plain: catalogue, the fauna specific features. SSC RAS Publishers, Rostov-on-Don, 640 pp.
Ponomarev A V, Alekseev S K, Kozminykh V O, Shmatko V Y (2017a) Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Stavropol Province, Russia. Arthropoda Selecta 26: 155-173
Ponomarev A V, Komarov Y E (2015) Spiders (Aranei) of the Republic of South Ossetia. The South of Russia: Ecology, Development 10(1): 116-147
Roberts M J (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Thaler K, Noflatscher M-T (1990) Neue und bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Südtirol (Arachnida: Aranei). Veröffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck 69: 169-190
Verhoogt K, IJland S (2021) De sepia mierenjager Zodarion rubidum nieuw voor Nederland (Araneae: Zodariidae) [The ant-eating spider Zodarion rubidum new to the Netherlands (Araneae: Zodariidae)]. Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen 57: 7-12
WSC (2025) World Spider Catalog. Version 26. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (28.2.2025) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 13-03-2023 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 24-08-2022 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 24-08-2022 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 04-01-2022 | Image insert | |
| 03-01-2022 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 03-01-2022 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 15-10-2019 | Image insert | |
| 02-01-2018 | Image insert | |
| 30-06-2017 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 02-04-2017 | Image insert | |
| 10-01-2017 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 25-04-2015 | Distribution update | Detail |