Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802)
Description
Male
Embolus at tip of bulbus, convoluted. Prosoma posteriorly covered by opisthosoma, eye region greater than half of visible prosomal part. Prosoma surface roughly sculptured, shiny metallic. Legs light brown to red-brown. Opisthosoma strongly sclerotised, light brown with dark median band, posteriorly crossed by dark transverse band.
Body length male: 2.7-3.6 mmFemale
Epigyne with horseshoe-like sclerotised wall.
Body length female: 3.0-3.4 mmAdditional information
Small, compact species. On shrubbery of deciduous forests and in leaf litter, mostly at sunny forest edges
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
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Figures
Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Żabka 1997)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
Pedipalp
(Żabka 1997)
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(García & Suárez 2019)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Leg I, lateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
Habitus
(Stanković unpubl.)
Habitus, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Habitus, frontal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
Epigyne
(Żabka 1997)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva
(Pesarini unpubl.)
Vulva
(Żabka 1997)
Vulva
(Artmann-Graf unpubl.)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Habitus
(Żabka 1997)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Arnold K (2001) Beitrag zur Spinnenfauna (Arachnida, Araneae) des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Berichte der Botanisch-Zoologischen Gesellschaft Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg 28: 211-244
Artmann-Graf G (unpubl.)
Barrientos J A, Febrer B (2017) Arañas (Arachnida, Araneae) de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España). Nuevos datos. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 31: 8-24
Benhacene R, Adjami A, Hadjeb A, Kermiche K, Ouakid M L (2023) Bibliographic checklist of the Algerian spider fauna (Araneae). Zootaxa 5352: 301-357
Biteniekytė M, Rėlys V (2012) The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Biologija 57: 148-158
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Van Keer J, Russell-Smith A, Hadjiconstantis M, Komnenov M, Bosselaers J, Huber S, McCowan D, Snazell R, Decae A, Zoumides C, Kielhorn K-H, Oger P (2019c) Spiders of Cyprus (Araneae). A catalogue of all currently known species from Cyprus. Newsletter of the Belgian Arachnological Society 34, Suppl. 1: 1-173
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Brændegaard J (1966) Edderkopper: Eller Spindlere I Danmarks Fauna 72: 1-224
Danışman T, Kunt K B, Özkütük R S, Coşar İ (2024a) The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Version 2024 [last updated 01 January 2024], online at http://www.spidersofturkey.info
Demircan N, Topçu A (2016) First records for spider fauna of the European part of Turkey (Araneae). Serket 15: 85-91
García J, Suárez D (2019) A spider survey in a protected area of La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain) reveals five new records for the island. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 69-76
Hermann E (1998) Die Spinnen (Araneae) ausgewählter Halbtrockenrasen im Osten Luxemburgs. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes Luxembourgeois 99: 189-199
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Komnenov M (2010) Checklist of spiders (Araneae) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Uzizaž i Biospeld 5(2009): 52-69
Komnenov M (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana 2: 1-267
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1951) British spiders. Vol. I. Ray Society, London, 310 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Milosevic B (2002) Aranea – Popis vrsta – Checklist. Hrvatsko entomološko društvo – Inventar entomofaune Hrvatske [Aranea – List of species – Checklist. Croatian Entomological Society – Inventory of Croatian entomofauna].
Naumova M, Lazarov S, Deltshev C (2019a) Faunistic diversity of the spiders in Montenegro (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 22: 50-89
Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Pesarini C (unpubl.)
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Ponomarev A V (2022) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the southeast of the Russian Plain: catalogue, the fauna specific features. SSC RAS Publishers, Rostov-on-Don, 640 pp.
Roberts M J (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Stanković B (unpubl.) .
Vasiliev A I, Mikhailov K G (2023) Annotated checklist of spiders (Araneae) of the Republic of Moldova. Invertebrate Zoology 20: 307-342
Vrenozi B, Jäger P (2012) A faunistic study on ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) in the Tirana district, Albania. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 44: 81-87
WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (31.10.2024) doi: 10.24436/2
Żabka M (1997) Salticidae: Pajaki skaczace (Arachnida: Araneae) (Salticidae of Poland). Fauna Polski (Fauna Poloniae) 19: 1-188
Updates
| 09-01-2023 | Image insert | |
| 07-10-2022 | Gallery image insert | |
| 08-06-2020 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 18-03-2020 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 15-08-2019 | Image insert | |
| 22-03-2019 | Image insert | |
| 30-01-2019 | Image insert | |
| 16-05-2018 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 30-12-2017 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 30-09-2015 | Distribution update | Detail |