Gnaphosidae: Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922
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1

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 Tibial apophysis with hook-shaped tip; epigyne and vulva as figs.

Drassyllus pumilus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
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male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)

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male Palpal tibia
(Kovblyuk 2003b)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

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female Epigyne
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Vulva
(Jézéquel 1962a)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)
- Different

  2  
2
(1)

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 Tibial apophysis distally forked; anterior epigynal margin interrupted

Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875)
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male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Tibia, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

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female Vulva
(Kovblyuk 2003b)
- Different

  3  
3
(2)

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 Embolus long, overlapping margin of cymbium; epigyne strongly sclerotised with swellings on anterior area

Drassyllus vinealis (Kulczyński, 1897)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Platnick & Song 1986)

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male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

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male Pedipalp
(Platnick & Song 1986)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)
- Embolus shorter; epigyne less sclerotised and without additional swellings on anterior area

  4  
4
(3)

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 Distal median apophysis almost as wide as bulbus; epigyne and vulva as figs.

Drassyllus lutetianus (L. Koch, 1866)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Noordam 1992)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

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male Pedipalp
(Noordam 1992)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Noordam 1992)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Different

  5  
5
(4)

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 Distal median apophysis distally broadened; epigyne with longitudinal cuticular ridge, distinctly sclerotised

Drassyllus pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
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male Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp
(Miller 1967)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Aakra unpubl.)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Noordam 1992)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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male Pedipalp
(Aakra unpubl.)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)

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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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male Pedipalp
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Tibia, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Habitus
(Aakra unpubl.)
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female Epigyne
(Aakra unpubl.)

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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Noordam 1992)
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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Vulva
(Jézéquel 1962a)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Tullgren 1946)
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 Distal median apophysis distally hardly broadened, situated more basally; epigyne distinctly structured, laterally with sclerotised structures

Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866)
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male Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Noordam 1992)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Pedipalp
(Noordam 1992)

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male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
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male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

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male Pedipalp
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Tibia, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)
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female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

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female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

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female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
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female Epigyne
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Vulva (right half), dorsal view
(Tullgren 1946)

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female Vulva
(Jézéquel 1962a)
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female Vulva
(Miller 1967)

Further taxa

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1. Drassyllus borlynensis Esyunin, Vlasov & Ustinova, 2024
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Esyunin et al. 2024d)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin et al. 2024d)

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2. Drassyllus centrohellenicus Chatzaki, 2021
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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male Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view
(Chatzaki 2021)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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3. Drassyllus covid Chatzaki, 2021
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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4. Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovblyuk, 2003
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Pedipalp
(Kovblyuk 2003b)
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male Pedipalp
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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male Tibia, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Epigyne
(Kovblyuk 2003b)
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female Epigyne
(Kovblyuk 2003b)

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female Epigyne
(Polchaninova et al. 2021)

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5. Drassyllus cyprius Chatzaki & Russell-Smith, 2017
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male Pedipalp in detail, ventral view
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)
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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)
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male Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)

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female Epigyne
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)

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female Epigyne
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)
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female Vulva
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Bosmans et al. 2019c)

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6. Drassyllus dadia Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Komnenov et al. 2016)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Komnenov et al. 2016)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Zamani et al. 2022a)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Zamani et al. 2022a)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Komnenov et al. 2016)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Komnenov et al. 2016)

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7. Drassyllus dadianus Chatzaki, 2021
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Chatzaki 2021)
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female Vulva, ventral view
(Chatzaki 2021)

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8. Drassyllus jubatopalpis Levy, 1998
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk et al. 2009)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk et al. 2009)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Levy 1998c)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Levy 1998c)

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male Palpal tibia, dorsal view
(Levy 1998c)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Levy 1998c)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Levy 1998c)

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9. Drassyllus novus (Banks, 1895)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Platnick & Shadab 1982)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Platnick & Shadab 1982)

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female Epigyne
(Platnick & Shadab 1982)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Platnick & Shadab 1982)

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10. Drassyllus pumiloides Chatzaki, 2003
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)
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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Chatzaki et al. 2003)

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11. Drassyllus shaanxiensis Platnick & Song, 1986
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Song et al. 1999)

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female Epigyne/vulva
(Song et al. 1999)

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female Epigyne/vulva
(Song et al. 1999)

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12. Drassyllus sur Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk et al. 2009)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk et al. 2009)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003a)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003a)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki & Russell-Smith 2017)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

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male Bulbus, ventral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

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male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003a)

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female Epigyne
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

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female Vulva, dorsal view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003a)

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13. Drassyllus villicoides (Giltay, 1932)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Bosmans 2013)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Bosmans 2013)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Senglet 2012)
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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Senglet 2012)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Senglet 2012)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Coşar & Danışman 2023b)
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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Coşar & Danışman 2023b)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Coşar & Danışman 2023b)

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male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2023)
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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2023)

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male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2023)

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male Tip of bulbus, retrolateral view
(Senglet 2012)
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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Bosmans 2013)

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female Epigyne, ventral view
(Senglet 2012)

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female Vulva, ventral view
(Bosmans 2013)
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female Vulva (right half), dorsal view
(Senglet 2012)

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female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Senglet 2012)