Gnaphosidae: Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804
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1
 Colouration dark brown-red to black-brown with yellowish coxae and femora I-IV

  2  
- Coxa and femora I-IV darker

  4  
2
(1)

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 Male pedipalp with short and robust spines on femur and tibia; epigynal groove with conspicuous transverse folds

Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Tullgren 1946)
- Different

  3  
3
(2)

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 Tibial apophysis short; Epigyne as fig.

Gnaphosa modestior Kulczyński, 1897
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedicel, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
-

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 Tibial apophysis long; Epigyne with bar-like protruding corners on posterior margin

Gnaphosa alpica Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
4
(1)		 Males

  5  
- Females

  17  
5
(4)		 Embolic base (partly) covered by bulbus

  6  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
- Embolic base visible

  7  
6
(5)

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 Bulbus with stout thorn, directed toward dorsal side

Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
-

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 Bulbus with small thorn

Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
7
(5)

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cp

 Bulbus distally with 2 hook-shaped apophyses

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Holm 1945)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, dorsal view
(Holm 1945)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Holm 1945)
- Bulbus distally with one apophysis

  8  
8
(7)		 Distal apophysis hook-shaped

  9  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
- Distal apophysis not hook-shaped

  14  
9
(8)

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 Embolus long and whip-shaped with robust, bent apophysis (can be broken off)

Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
- Embolus different

  10  
10
(9)

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 Embolus stout, occupies ± the whole inner side of cymbium

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Roberts 1998)
- Embolus occupies < 1/2 of inner side of cymbium

  11  
11
(10)		 Embolic base with rectangular process

  12  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
- Different

  13  
12
(11)

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 Embolus slightly bent, its base almost at the same level as base of hook-shaped apophysis

Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Grimm 1985)
-

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 Embolus ± straight, its base more distant from apophysis

Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Staręga 1972)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Staręga 1972)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Roberts 1998)
13
(11)

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 Embolic base with longish process

Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)

 speciesimage

male Tip of pedipalp, ventral view
(Roșca 1968)
-

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 Embolic base without process

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Roberts 1998)
14
(8)

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 Embolus broad and stout

Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
- Embolus slender, with whip-like tip

  15  
15
(14)		 Base of distal apophysis angularly bent or with step

  16  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
-

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 Base of distal apophysis not angularly bent or without step

Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Felton 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
16
(15)

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 Base of distal apophysis angularly bent

Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Felton 1997)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Felton 1997)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
-

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 Base of distal apophysis with a step

Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
17
(4)

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 Scapus weakly developed

Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Scapus distinctly developed

  18  
18
(17)		 Epigynal margins with bar-like protrusions

  22  
- Epigynal margins also with pocket-like infoldings

  19  
19
(18)

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 Scapus wider than long

Gnaphosa muscorum (L. Koch, 1866)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Scapus longer than wide

  20  
20
(19)

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 Scapus almost reaching to epigynal margin

Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Azheganova 1968)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Scapus shorter

  21  
21
(20)

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 Lateral epigynal margins outwardly bent

Gnaphosa badia (L. Koch, 1866)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
-

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 Lateral epigynal margins bent, but not outwardly bent

Gnaphosa petrobia L. Koch, 1872

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
22
(18)

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 Scapus very broad, touching bar like protrusions of lateral epigynal margins

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Tullgren 1946)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Scapus not touching lateral protrusions

  23  
23
(22)		 Ridges of cuticular fold outwardly bent anteriorly

  24  
- Different

  26  
24
(23)		 Scapus not reaching beyond the middle part of epigyne

  25  
-

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 Scapus longer

Gnaphosa rhenana Müller & Schenkel, 1895

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roșca 1968)
25
(24)

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 Epigyne more roundish

Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Staręga 1972)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Miller 1947)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
-

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 Epigyne laterally more edged

Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
26
(23)

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 Scapus reaching 1/3 of epigynal length

Gnaphosa lapponum (L. Koch, 1866)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Agnarsson 1996)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Scapus longer

  27  
27
(26)

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 Lateral epigynal margins angularly bent

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Noordam 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1946)
- Different

  28  
28
(27)

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 Epigynal groove almost circular

Gnaphosa tigrina Simon, 1878

male
-

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 Different; Epigyne and vulva as figs.

Gnaphosa microps Holm, 1939

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

Further taxa

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1. Gnaphosa alacris Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Pesarini 2000)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Di Franco 1992)

 speciesimage

male Cymbium and tibia, dorsal view
(Di Franco 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Pesarini 2000)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Di Franco 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Taberlet unpubl.)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Di Franco 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Taberlet unpubl.)
speciesimage

female Vulva, posterior view
(Taberlet unpubl.)

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2. Gnaphosa artaensis Wunderlich, 2011
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2011a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2015b)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

 speciesimage

male Embolic division, ventral view
(Wunderlich 2023)
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Wunderlich 2015b)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Wunderlich 2015b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Wunderlich 2017)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lozano & Alameda-Martín 2020)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Wunderlich 2017)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Morano & González-Casarrubios 2021)

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3. Gnaphosa atramentaria Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Pedipalp in detail
(Simon 1914)

 speciesimage

male Tip of tibial apophysis
(Simon 1914)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia
(Simon 1914)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

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4. Gnaphosa azerbaidzhanica Tuneva & Esyunin, 2003
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Tuneva & Esyunin 2003b)

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5. Gnaphosa balearicola Strand, 1942
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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6. Gnaphosa basilicata Simon, 1882
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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7. Gnaphosa betpaki Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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8. Gnaphosa bithynica Kulczyński, 1903
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2002a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Chatzaki et al. 2002a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Chatzaki et al. 2002a)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Chatzaki et al. 2002a)

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9. Gnaphosa cantabrica Simon, 1914
speciesimage

male Pedipalp in detail
(Simon 1914)

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10. Gnaphosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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11. Gnaphosa corticola Simon, 1914
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

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12. Gnaphosa cumensis Ponomarev, 1981
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2017b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

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13. Gnaphosa cyrenaica (Caporiacco, 1949)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Caporiacco 1949b)

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14. Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev & Dvadnenko, 2011
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2011)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev et al. 2011)

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15. Gnaphosa dolanskyi Řezáč, Růžička, Oger & Řezáčová, 2018
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view
(Řezáč et al. 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Řezáč et al. 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Řezáč et al. 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedicel, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Řezáč et al. 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Řezáč et al. 2018a)

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16. Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Tolve et al. 2024)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Tolve et al. 2024)
speciesimage

male Embolus, prolateral view
(Al-Khazali & Hussein 2019)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Chatzaki et al. 2002b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Déjean 2015c)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Iorio 2023)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gierlasiński 2023)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Chatzaki et al. 2002b)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Gaymard & Lecigne 2018)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Gierlasiński 2023)

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17. Gnaphosa donensis Ponomarev, 2015
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2015)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev 2015)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2015)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ponomarev 2015)

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18. Gnaphosa fallax Herman, 1879
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Herman 1879)

 speciesimage

female Eyes, frontal view
(Herman 1879)

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19. Gnaphosa haarlovi Denis, 1958
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Shmatko 2020b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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20. Gnaphosa halophila Esyunin & Efimik, 1997
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

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21. Gnaphosa iberica Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Bulbal apophysis
(Simon 1914)

 speciesimage

male Bulbal apophysis, lateral view
(Simon 1914)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Simon 1914)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1914)

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22. Gnaphosa inconspecta Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Breuss 2001)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Breuss 2001)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Breuss 2001)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Breuss 2001)

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23. Gnaphosa jucunda Thorell, 1875
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral-ventral view
(Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ponomarev & Kovblyuk 2009)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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24. Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel, 1953
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne/vulva, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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25. Gnaphosa limbata Strand, 1900
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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26. Gnaphosa lonai Caporiacco, 1949
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Caporiacco 1949a)

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27. Gnaphosa lucifuga minor Nosek, 1905
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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28. Gnaphosa mandschurica Schenkel, 1963
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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cp

29. Gnaphosa mcheidzeae Mikhailov, 1998
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Mcheidze 1997)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Mcheidze 1997)

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30. Gnaphosa moesta Thorell, 1875
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

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31. Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Szita et al. 2006)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Szita et al. 2006)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Šestáková et al. 2022)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Šestáková et al. 2022)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Šestáková et al. 2022)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Szita et al. 2006)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Grbić et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Šestáková et al. 2022)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Szita et al. 2006)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Grbić et al. 2021)

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32. Gnaphosa muscorum gaunitzi Tullgren, 1955
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Tullgren 1942)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Tullgren 1942)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Tullgren 1942)

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33. Gnaphosa nordlandica Strand, 1900
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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34. Gnaphosa norvegica Strand, 1900
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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35. Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Tip of pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Bulbal apophysis, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, dorso-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, dorso-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Iorio unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Breitling 2020)

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36. Gnaphosa oceanica Simon, 1878
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

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37. Gnaphosa ogeri Lecigne, 2018
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, dorso-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-prolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventro-retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2018a)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Lecigne 2018a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Lecigne 2018a)

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38. Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin, 1922
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

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39. Gnaphosa pilosa Savelyeva, 1972
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp in detail, ventro-prolateral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

 speciesimage

male Embolar base
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Esyunin & Tuneva 2020)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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40. Gnaphosa porrecta Strand, 1900
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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41. Gnaphosa prosperi Simon, 1878
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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42. Gnaphosa pseashcho Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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43. Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Szita et al. 2006)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Szita et al. 2006)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2008b)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ponomarev 2008b)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Gajdoš et al. 2019)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Gajdoš et al. 2019)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Levy 1995)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Szita et al. 2006)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Gajdoš et al. 2019)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Naumova et al. 2021)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Levy 1995)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Szita et al. 2006)

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44. Gnaphosa saurica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)
speciesimage

male Embolus
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, lateral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Esyunin & Efimik 1997)

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45. Gnaphosa secreta Simon, 1878
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Simon 1914)

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46. Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Seropian et al. 2023b)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Seropian et al. 2023b)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Zamani et al. 2020c)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Seropian et al. 2023b)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Zamani et al. 2020c)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Seropian et al. 2023b)

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47. Gnaphosa sticta Kulczyński, 1908
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Morka unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Fjellberg unpubl.)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)

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48. Gnaphosa stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

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49. Gnaphosa stussineri Simon, 1885
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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50. Gnaphosa taurica Thorell, 1875
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Bulbus, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

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51. Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878
speciesimage

-- Caption missing --
(WSC 2024)

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52. Gnaphosa ukrainica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Azarkina et al. 2018a)

 speciesimage

male Bulbus, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Ovtsharenko et al. 1992)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Kovblyuk 2005a)

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53. Gnaphosa zeugitana Pavesi, 1880
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Di Franco 1994a)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Di Franco 1994a)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Di Franco 1994a)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Denis 1966a)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Di Franco 1994a)