Philodromus: aureolus-group
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1

Males

  2  
-

Females

  15  
2
(1)

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cp

Intermediate tibial apophysis absent, ventral tibial apophysis long and slender, narrowed at its base

Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
-

Intermediate tibial apophysis present, ventral tibial apophysis wider than long, not narrowed at its base

  3  
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
3
(2)

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cp

Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, truncate, wider than long

Philodromus vagulus Simon, 1875

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
-

Retrolateral tibial apophysis forming an elongate spur

  4  
4
(3)

Retrolateral tegular projection tapering, ventral tibial apophysis triangular

  5  
-

Retrolateral tegular projection less conspicuous, if tegulum bulged, ventral tibial apophysis not triangular

  6  
5
(4)

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Retrolateral tegular projection spur-like, embolus short, falciform

Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
-

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cp

Retrolateral tegular projection triangular; embolus long

Philodromus marmoratus Kulczyński, 1891

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Jäger 1995c)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Braun 1965)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Jäger 1995c)

 speciesimage

male Habitus, dorsal view
(Jäger 1995c)
6
(4)

world

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cp

Embolus long, originating at proximal half of tegulum

Philodromus lunatus Muster & Thaler, 2004

female
speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
-

Embolus shorter, originating at anterior half of tegulum

  7  
7
(6)

Embolus sharply bent in its proximal part

  8  
-

Embolus smoothly curved

  10  
8
(7)

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Embolus originating at anterior inner edge of tegulum, intermediate tibial apophysis inconspicuous, retrolateral tibial apophysis truncate

Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view
(Segers 1992)
-

Embolus originating subdistally, intermediate tibial apophysis well-developed, retrolateral tibial apophysis tapering

  9  
9
(8)

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Loop of sperm duct conspicuously asymmetric, descending part pointing to cymbial process

Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Palmgren 1983)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Braun 1965)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Segers 1992)
-

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cp

Loop of sperm duct diagonal, descending part almost parallel to longitudinal axis of cymbium

Philodromus praedatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1990)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket et al. 1974)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, ventral view
(Segers 1990)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, mesal view
(Segers 1990)
10
(7)

Ventral tibial apophysis quadrangular, its anterior border straight, almost transverse

  11  
-

Ventral tibial apophysis triangular or trapeziform, anterior border oblique

  12  
11
(10)

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Intermediate tibial apophysis  prominent, cymbium weakly bulged prolaterally

Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
-

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cp

Intermediate tibial apophysis as a low crest, cymbium strongly bulged prolaterally

Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1990)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Locket & Millidge 1951)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, mesal view
(Segers 1990)
speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, ventral view
(Segers 1990)
12
(10)

world

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cp

Embolus not longer than cymbium width

Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Lateral apophysis
(Segers 1992)
speciesimage

male Lateral apophysis
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Lateral apophysis
(Segers 1992)
-

Embolus distinctly longer than cymbium width

  13  
13
(12)

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Dorsal border of retrolateral tibial apophysis “broken”

Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Segers 1992)
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

male Palpal tibia
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis
(Segers 1992)
-

Dorsal border of retrolateral tibial apophysis straight to convex

  14  
14
(13)

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cp

Intermediate tibial apophysis at base of ventral tibial apophysis, conductor width > tegulum width

Philodromus buchari Kubcová, 2004

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Kubcová 2004)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, lateral view
(Kubcová 2004)
-

world

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cp

Intermediate tibial apophysis more distal at ventral tibial apophysis, conductor width < tegulum width

Philodromus azcursor Logunov & Huseynov, 2008

female
speciesimage

male Pedipalp, ventral view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, lateral view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)

 speciesimage

male Tibial apophysis, retrolateral view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)
15
(1)

world

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cp

Atrium of epigyne divided by a triangular projection of median plate, receptacula surpassing copulatory ducts anteriorly

Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Habitus
(Brændegaard 1966)
-

Atrium undivided, copulatory ducts well visible anteriorly to receptacula

  16  
16
(15)

Epigyne without sclerotized arch between introductory orifices

  17  
-

Epigyne with sclerotized arch, sometimes indistinct

  19  
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
17
(16)

world

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cp

Atrium nearly as wide or wider than median plate

Philodromus vagulus Simon, 1875

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1932)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
-

Atrium distinctly narrower than median plate

  18  
18
(17)

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Receptacula bulbous, copulatory ducts approximately 2 times the length of receptacula

Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Roberts 1993)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1990)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)
-

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cp

Receptacula egg-shaped, copulatory ducts at most 1,5 times length of receptacula

Philodromus lunatus Muster & Thaler, 2004

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
19
(16)

world

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cp

Epigynal folds straight, diverging strongly anteriorly

Philodromus marmoratus Kulczyński, 1891

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Braun 1965)
-

Epigynal folds S-shaped

  20  
20
(19)

Sclerotized arch inconspicuous, hardly visible in undissected epigyne

  21  
-

Sclerotized arch distinct

  22  
21
(20)

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cp

Receptacula relatively small, copulatory ducts >2 times the diameter of receptacula; glandular mounds inconspicuous

Philodromus praedatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Snazell 1976)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1990)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1990)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)
speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, variation, dorsal view
(Roberts 1993)
-

world

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cp

Receptacula relatively larger, copulatory ducts <2 times the diameter of receptacula; glandular mounds crater-like

Philodromus krausi Muster & Thaler, 2004

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
22
(20)

Anterior parts of epigynal folds converging, atrium narrower than median plate

  23  
-

Anterior parts of epigynal folds parallel or diverging

  24  
23
(22)

world

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cp

Atrium deep, much narrower than median plate; copulatory ducts straight

Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
-

world

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cp

Atrium nearly as wide as median plate; copulatory ducts C-shaped

Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
24
(22)

world

add

cp

Sclerotized arch wedge-shaped; median plate quadrangular

Philodromus buxi Simon, 1884

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Braun 1965)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Roberts 1995)
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Locket et al. 1974)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Simon 1932)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Braun 1965)
-

Sclerotized arch slightly curved; median plate laterally convex

  25  
25
(24)

world

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cp

Copulatory ducts strongly curved, not covered by receptacula in dorsal view

Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Ono & Martens 2005)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Ono & Martens 2005)
-

Copulatory ducts rather straight, partially covered by receptacula in dorsal view

  26  
26
(25)

world

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cp

Length of copulatory ducts approximately 1,5 times the diameter of receptacula

Philodromus buchari Kubcová, 2004

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Kubcová 2004)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Kubcová 2004)
-

Length of copulatory ducts approximately 2 times the diameter of receptacula

  27  
27
(26)

world

add

cp

Specimens from the Mediterranean

Philodromus fuscolimbatus Lucas, 1846

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Segers 1992)

 speciesimage

female Vulva
(Muster & Thaler 2004)
-

world

add

cp

Specimens from Azerbaijan

Philodromus azcursor Logunov & Huseynov, 2008

male
speciesimage

female Epigyne, ventral view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)

 speciesimage

female Vulva, dorsal view
(Logunov & Huseynov 2008)
This key has kindly been provided by Christoph Muster.