Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
Description
Palp male: patella distinctly widened. Epigynal groove distinctly larger than receptaculum seminis. Prosoma with dark median bands, distinctly wider than the outer bright bands nearby. Prosoma length: 1.8-2.2 mm. Coxa IV male: scarcely provided with long, thin hairs. Femur III dorsally with 5 bristles. Opisthosoma brown to light brown, dark spots mostly indistinct.
Body length male: 3.0-4.0 mmBody length female: 3.5-5.5 mm
Distribution
Phenology
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
 |  |
Figures
Pedipalp
(Brændegaard 1966)
Pedipalp
(Miller 1947)
Pedipalp
(Dahl 1937)
Pedipalp
(Roberts 1995)
Pedipalp
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Pedipalp, prolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Pedipalp, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Pedipalp, retrolateral view
(Urones 2005)
Pedipalp with tibia and patella, ventral view
(Urones 2005)
Palpal tibia and patella
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Palpal tibia
(Holm 1945)
Palpal tibia, retrolateral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Tibial apophysis
(Brændegaard 1966)
Tibial apophysis
(Miller 1947)
Tibial apophysis
(Miller 1947)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Tibial apophysis
(Locket et al. 1974)
Tibial apophysis, dorsal view
(Urones 2005)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Urones 2005)
Coxa IV, ventral view
(Urones 2005)
Femur and patella I, prolateral view
(Urones 2005)
Epigyne
(Brændegaard 1966)
Epigyne, ventral view
(Holm 1945)
Epigyne
(Roberts 1998)
Epigyne
(Locket & Millidge 1951)
Epigyne
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Epigyne
(Heimer & Nentwig 1991)
Vulva
(Dahl 1937)
Vulva
(Miller 1947)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Tullgren 1946)
Vulva
(Locket et al. 1974)
Vulva
(Locket et al. 1974)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva, ventral view
(Løvbrekke unpubl.)
Vulva, dorsal view
(Morka unpubl.)
Prosoma, dorsal view
(Miller 1971)
Distribution List
"No references" does not mean that the species does not occur in this country, but that we have not yet inserted the reference for it. We are working on it.
References
Aakra K, Hauge E (2003) Checklist of Norwegian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae), including Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 50: 109-129 
Arnold K (2001) Beitrag zur Spinnenfauna (Arachnida, Araneae) des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. Berichte der Botanisch-Zoologischen Gesellschaft Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg 28: 211-244
Blagoev G, Deltshev C, Lazarov S, Naumova M (2018) The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. Version: August 2018. National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Online at http://www.nmnhs.com/spiders-bulgaria/ (accessed on 10.9.2018)
Bosmans R, Van Keer K (2017) Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 32: 39-69
Branco V V, Morano E, Cardoso P (2019) An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). Zootaxa 4614: 201-254
Brændegaard J (1966) Edderkopper: Eller Spindlere I Danmarks Fauna 72: 1-224
Cera I (2018) The checklist of Latvian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Environmental and Experimental Biology 16: 139-152
Dahl M (1937) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea, VIII: Hahniidae, Argyronetidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 33: 100-118
Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G, Lazarov S (2011b) Spiders of Albania – faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144
Heimer S, Nentwig W (1991) Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Berlin
Helsdingen P J van (2013) A quick scan of the spider fauna of the European part of Turkey. Nieuwsbrief SPINED 33: 29-38
Holm Å (1945) Zur Kenntnis der Spinnenfauna des Torneträskgebietes. Arkiv för Zoologi 36(A15): 1-80
Ivanov V V (2013) The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae). Zoology and Ecology 4: 293-311
Komnenov M (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana 2: 1-267
Koponen S, Fritzén N R, Pajunen T (2016) Checklist of spiders in Finland (Araneae). 6th version, December 2016, online at http://biolcoll.utu.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Finland.htm
Kostanjšek R, Kuntner M (2015) Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. ZooKeys 474: 1-91
Kreuels M, Staudt A, Christian S (2019) Die Spinnenfauna von Luxemburg – eine Zusammenstellung der Nachweise aus den Jahren 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 121: 203-230
Kronestedt T (2001) Checklist of Spiders (Araneae) in Sweden [Preliminary version February 2001]
Lavery A (2019) A revised checklist of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Arachnology 18: 196-212
Le Peru B (2007) Catalogue et répartition des araignées de France. Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468
Locket G H, Millidge A F (1951) British spiders. Vol. I. Ray Society, London, 310 pp.
Locket G H, Millidge A F, Merrett P (1974) British Spiders, Volume III. Ray Society, London, 315 pp.
Løvbrekke H (unpubl.)
Miller F (1947) Pavoucí zvírena hadcových stepí u Mohelna. Archiv Svazu na Výzkum a Ochranu Přírody i Krajiny v Zemi Moravskoslezské 7: 1-107
Miller F (1971) Pavouci-Araneida. Klíč zvířeny ČSSR 4: 51-306
Milosevic B (2002) Aranea – Popis vrsta – Checklist. Hrvatsko entomološko društvo – Inventar entomofaune Hrvatske [Aranea – List of species – Checklist. Croatian Entomological Society – Inventory of Croatian entomofauna].
Morka G H (unpubl.)
Naumova M, Lazarov S, Deltshev C (2019a) Faunistic diversity of the spiders in Montenegro (Arachnida: Araneae). Ecologica Montenegrina 22: 50-89
Otto S (2022) Caucasian spiders. A faunistic database on the spiders of the Caucasus Ecoregion. Database version 02.2022. Internet: caucasus-spiders.info.
Pantini P, Isaia M (2019) Araneae.it: the online catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). Fragmenta Entomologica 51: 127-152
Polchaninova N, Prokopenko E (2019) An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 57: 60-64 & App
Ponomarev A V (2022) Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of the southeast of the Russian Plain: catalogue, the fauna specific features. SSC RAS Publishers, Rostov-on-Don, 640 pp.
Ponomarev A V, Komarov Y E (2015) Spiders (Aranei) of the Republic of South Ossetia. The South of Russia: ecology, development 10: 116-147
Roberts M J (1995) Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts M J (1998) Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Rozwałka R, Stanska M (2008) Check-list of spiders (Araneae) of Poland. 1. December 2008. online at http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/en/species/8-spiders-of-poland.html
Růžička V, Řezáč M (2022a) Seznam pavouků České republiky. List of spiders of the Czech Republic. Online at https://www.arachnology.cz/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html and https://www.arachnology.cz/en/seznam-pavouku-cr-26.html
Samu F, Szinetár C (1999) Bibliographic check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 161-184
Tullgren A (1946) Svensk spindelfauna. 3. Egentiliga spinddlar. Araneae Fam 5-7. Clubionidae, Zoridae och Gnaphosidae. Stockholm (Entomol Fören.): 141 pp.
Urones C (2005) El género Zora C.L. Koch, 1847 (Arachnida, Araneae, Zoridae) en la Península Ibérica. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 11: 7-22
WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.0. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch (22.01.2024) doi: 10.24436/2
Updates
| 08-05-2024 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 15-01-2024 | Image insert | |
| 20-09-2023 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 20-09-2023 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 10-10-2022 | Image insert | |
| 21-11-2020 | Image insert | |
| 14-05-2020 | Distribution insert | Detail |
| 24-12-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |
| 04-12-2013 | Distribution update | Detail |