Araneidae: Araneus Clerck, 1757
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Body length of males: 4-5 mm, females: 5-6 mm; opisthosoma wider than long | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | Body length mostly greater than 10 mm; opisthosoma longer than wide | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 (1)
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Opisthosoma approx. as long as wide, deep red-brown; sternum uniformly brown, darker than coxa; opisthosoma anteriorly with characteristic dark brown spots, posterior to them sometimes an indistinct folium; median apophysis of male pedipalp distally with 3 short equidistant tips; scapus of epigyne longish distally Araneus sturmi (Hahn, 1831) |
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Opisthosoma slightly wider than long, light brown; sternum as bright as coxa; colouration very variable, very similar to sturmi, but mostly brighter, the dark spots on anterior margin of opisthosoma and the folium almost always lacking; median apophysis of male pedipalp distally with 3 long tips, two of them closer together; scapus of epigyne very broad distally Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775) |
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| 3 (1) |
Dorsal surface of opisthosoma anteriorly with well-defined tubercles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | Opisthosoma without tubercles, at most appearing angular anteriorly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 (3)
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Body length of male 7.5 mm, female 8.5-9.0 mm; male pedipalp as fig.; epigyne with broad, strongly wrinkled scapus Araneus nordmanni (Thorell, 1870) |
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| - | Body length greater or equal 10 mm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 (4) |
Sternum dark brown with yellow longitudinal spot | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | Sternum yellowish without longitudinal spot | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 (5)
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Male tibia II with long and stout spines; distal spines on distinct tubercles; distal apophysis of male pedipalp wing-like broadened; median part of epigyne narrowly slit-like below scapus Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826) |
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Male tibia II with short spines; distal spine not on tubercle; distal apophysis of male pedipalp pointed; median part of epigyne oval to egg-shaped beneath scapus Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 |
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| 7 (5)
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Sternum yellowish brown with dark margin; body length of males 11 mm, females 15-23 mm; opisthosoma highly bulged, light brown, tubercles yellowish, dark brown patter as fig.; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844) |
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Sternum uniformly red-brown; body length of males 11 mm, females 16 mm; opisthosoma grey-brown, anteriorly with yellowish white longitudinal stripe which continues as a row of dots posteriorly, near folium with dark transverse stripes; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus saevus (L. Koch, 1872) |
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| 8 (3)
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Largest width of opisthosoma in anterior third, appearing angular anteriorly, dorsally with cross-shaped, white pattern; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 |
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| - | Largest width of opisthosoma approximately in the middle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 (8)
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Opisthosoma bright orange with small white spots; male pedipalp and epigyne as figs. Araneus alsine (Walckenaer, 1802) |
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| - | Opisthosoma very variable in colour, dorsally in anterior half with 4 large white spots | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 (9)
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Median apophysis of male pedipalp bluntly rounded distally; scapus of epigyne parallel-sided; opisthosoma yellowish white to yellow to reddish brown with characteristic pattern (the opisthosoma is light yellow with fine black lines and a dark brown to black folium in the colour-type described as betulae) Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757 |
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Median apophysis of male pedipalp deeply forked distally; scapus of epigyne strongly broadened basally; base colour of opisthosoma varying from almost white via greenish yellow to luscious red-brown, but always with 4 large white spots Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 |
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Pedipalp, ventral view
Epigyne, ventral view
Further taxa
| 1. Araneus angulatus personatus Simon, 1929 |
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| 2. Araneus bonali Morano, 2018 |
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| 3. Araneus corticaloides (Roewer, 1955) |
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| 4. Araneus crispulus Tullgren, 1952 |
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| 5. Araneus decaisnei (Lucas, 1863) |
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| 6. Araneus ishisawai Kishida, 1920 |
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| 7. Araneus klaptoczi Simon, 1908 |
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| 8. Araneus pallasi (Thorell, 1875) |
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| 9. Araneus pallidus (Olivier, 1789) |
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| 10. Araneus pulcherrimus (Roewer, 1942) |
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| 11. Araneus stella (Karsch, 1879) |
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| 12. Araneus svanetiensis Mcheidze, 1997 |
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| 13. Araneus tartaricus (Kroneberg, 1875) |
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| 14. Araneus tereshkini Zhukovets, 2021 |
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| 15. Araneus washingtoni Levi, 1971 |
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